|
|
Varicose Veins Return of blood from the legs takes place through two separate systems of veins. The superficial system and the deep system. Most of the blood is returned to the heart through the deep system which is located next to the major arteries. The superficial system serves to collect and channel blood into the deep system. To facilitate the flow, the veins are equipped with valves that keep the pressure low and maintains the flow of blood in the correct direction. When valves in the superficial system function improperly, they become incompetent or leaky. This increases the pressure in the veins resulting in dilatation and engorgement. These dilated veins are called varicose veins. They can become painful and are always unsightly. Untreated varicose veins can occasionally lead to blood clots, phlebitis, and ulceration. Varicose veins are frequently hereditary, but other factors such as obesity, prolonged standing, and pregnancy can play key roles in their development. Symptoms Patients can experience a variety of symptoms associated with varicose veins. Some of these symptoms include leg pain, soreness, aching, throbbing, itching, swelling, and muscle fatigue. Large varicose veins appear like blue welts under the skin. Smaller affected veins have the appearance of small blue or red lines under the skin. These lines can resemble spiders within the skin. Over time, if untreated, varicose veins can cause discoloration of skin as well as ulceration, bleeding, swelling, and blood clots. Venous Insufficiency And Reflux Normal veins in the lower extremity contain valves that ensure one-way flow. If these valves fail then insufficiency with reflux is the result. Under normal conditions, blood in the legs flows upstream towards the heart. When the valves are incompetent the blood pools in the legs resulting in dilatation of the veins as well as symptoms of pain, soreness and aching. The diseased varicose veins need to be either removed or occluded so that the blood is directed into healthy veins. Spider Veins Spider veins are the most superficial manifestation of venous disease. Millions of men and women are bothered by these unsightly clusters of red, blue or purple veins that most commonly appear on the thighs calves and ankles. It is estimated that at least half of the adult female population is plagued with this common cosmetic problem. Many factors including pregnancy, hormonal changes and genetic influence contribute to the formation of spider veins. Spider veins form due to high pressure in the venous system. This in turn forces the thin walled veins to expand several times their normal size. If the larger varicose veins are treated then frequently the spider veins improve. |
